[Today] Inform public about progress of local cancer research

The report “Nanotechnology may provide more effective cancer treatment” (Jan 26), mentioned that the nanotechnology may be applicable for a range of difficult cancers. Understandably, cancer patients look forward to its progression.

Such announcements by our researchers in cancer treatment seem to have been focused largely on cancer of the pancreas, breast, ovaries, et cetera. One particular area that seems to have drawn a blank is research on nasal cancers.

Around 2006, there was an article on research into nasal cancers by a prominent doctor at the National Cancer Centre, and additional money was granted. Sadly, after a few years, it faded away. There should perhaps be follow-up announcements on progress made or if such research is aborted for whatever reason, so that the public is aware rather than hoping against hope that something positive will emerge.

Success, of course, would put Singapore on the map for generations to come.

[Today] Airlines should take advantage of lower fuel prices to sell more seats

I refer to the report “AirAsia scraps fuel surcharges as oil prices fall” (Jan 27), and applaud AirAsia’s announcement, which recognises that travellers should not be taken for granted.

Critics may take this as a countermeasure to its recent setback, but it bodes well, showing that it is keeping up with the times, as the surcharges were introduced when crude oil prices skyrocketed.

In recent months, when the prices plummeted, airlines complacently and conveniently took the surcharges to be steadfast. Airport taxes and fuel surcharges, when combined, cost more than the ticket itself for numerous flights.

Airlines should make good use of current oil prices and take prudent steps to hedge their forward fuel prices to sell more seats, at least for this year and perhaps the next.

I shall look forward to a flying start to the year.

[Today] Plunging oil prices have not helped consumer

Even without the benefit of hindsight, the report “Public transport fares may drop next year: Lui” (Jan 20), could have been taken as a hint that there will be no drop for the present.

In the event, it was reported that “Public transport fares to rise by 1 to 10 cents” (Jan 22).

The report mentioned that fares will stay unchanged for more than 1.1 million commuters, presenting the corollary that the remaining others will pay more.

In the context that the hike is 2.8 per cent from April 5, it may be poor consolation that fares could fall by about 1 per cent next year.

Any such revision would still result in higher fares than at present, the steep fall in oil prices notwithstanding.

While experts see no apparent anomaly in the situation, many commuters may wonder, at a basic level of understanding, how the Bus Service Enhancement Programme is beneficial here. (“Increases expected as costs still weigh on operators, say experts”; Jan 22)

The projected subsidy appears not to have trickled down to commuters. At nearly all levels, end users in Singapore may feel that the short end of the stick has been reserved for them.

The present-day oil price of S$50 has not translated into comparable reductions of scale in pump prices to benefit motorists, while bottled gas for homes is priced the same as it was when oil prices were around S$115.

That trite phrase, consumer is king, sounds hollow when there are aces to trump him.

[Today] Show her the movie-making money, Tinseltown

It is surprising that women are not having more of a say in major Hollywood projects. (“Coulda, shoulda, woulda: Why those protesting against the Oscar nominations list got it wrong”; Jan 20)

I still believe that women in America, if not the free world generally, are more fortunate in having more opportunities than women in the rest of the world, particularly if they are able to take full advantage of favourable circumstances.

But the bottom line matters, especially for big-budget blockbusters, which have a lot more riding on them.

There is no room for tripping up, even if one is male.

There is even less doubt that it is a question of overcoming the prejudices that exist in a male-dominated industry such as Tinseltown and having to work harder to show what one is capable of exactly.

Barriers are there to be broken, and they were to a certain extent, when the first woman to win an Academy Award for Best Director was Kathryn Bigelow for the 2009 film, The Hurt Locker.

The bigger film, commercially, that year was Avatar. And it did not matter that director James Cameron lost because he had already won big for Titanic. That was the sentiment all round.

So, there was this begrudging attitude to be dealt with for women, and there has not been much to crow about since.

But I think that will change because women have featured more prominently in films that have done well in recent years, in front of and even behind the camera.

As long as studios are willing to take a chance with their money, backed by the courage of their convictions, then the results could be interesting, more so after years of the same old sequels, prequels and remakes.

I believe that women have a better eye for the arts and should, therefore, be better able to excel in creating a good film. They have the experience and the drive.

With a little more encouragement, they could become a staple in film-making in years to come. They have nothing to lose and everything to gain in taking a chance, and that could work in their favour.

[Today] Why subsidise half-day childcare centres, but not kindergartens?

I hope the Early Childhood Development Agency (ECDA) can clarify some queries regarding the report “NTUC to launch new kindergarten programme, 10 pre-schools this year” (Jan 22).

Why are childcare centres allowed to run kindergarten programmes, which are typically four hours or fewer per day?

If these centres cater to parents who need only half-day programmes, what kind of parents should kindergartens cater to?

The Government now subsidises such half-day programmes in commercial childcare centres, but not in commercial kindergartens.

What is the rationale for this difference in treatment? Both are running “kindergarten” or half-day programmes.

If childcare centres can run half-day programmes and receive subsidies, parents who send their children to kindergartens should receive the same level of subsidies in all fairness.

The ECDA should set clear pre-school guidelines: Childcare centres can only run full-day programmes, while kindergartens can only run half-day programmes. Parents who need only half-day programmes should thus send their children to kindergartens instead of childcare centres.

[Today] Airlines should take advantage of lower fuel prices to sell more seats

I refer to the report “AirAsia scraps fuel surcharges as oil prices fall” (Jan 27), and applaud AirAsia’s announcement, which recognises that travellers should not be taken for granted.

Critics may take this as a countermeasure to its recent setback, but it bodes well, showing that it is keeping up with the times, as the surcharges were introduced when crude oil prices skyrocketed.

In recent months, when the prices plummeted, airlines complacently and conveniently took the surcharges to be steadfast. Airport taxes and fuel surcharges, when combined, cost more than the ticket itself for numerous flights.

Airlines should make good use of current oil prices and take prudent steps to hedge their forward fuel prices to sell more seats, at least for this year and perhaps the next.

I shall look forward to a flying start to the year.

[Today] Hang on to values to make political diversity a virtue

I agree with Social and Family Development Minister Chan Chun Sing that society must have the maturity to achieve consensus beyond expressing differing views. (“Political diversity ‘a strength’, but society should seek consensus”; Jan 27)

Disagreements are not always bad. Even best friends or close family members need not agree on everything in order to get along. In fact, honest dialogue strengthens relationships and builds trust.

Family ties are strongest when built on the virtues of integrity, self-restraint and empathy, and bound up in mutual love and respect. These values can help Singapore grow amid political diversity.

Take immigration as an example. Some are concerned about its impact on their ability to find jobs or the strains on infrastructure. Others are concerned about the need to stay competitive globally.

By recognising the genuine needs of people from both perspectives, we can explore constructive solutions to move forward as a society, such as finding more efficient production methods or expanding the job market.

Political diversity can become a source of strength if we hold on to these values.

[Straits Times] Drawbacks of water rationing

THE article ("Dry spell ahead may see water rationing"; last Saturday) reported that Singapore may have to take measures to conserve water during a predicted dry spell over the coming weeks.

One strategy is to make water supply intermittent, such as shutting the main water supply to all or parts of the network at certain hours of the day.

Such a measure, however, comes with problems.

It may trigger negative pressure, which carries the risk of water contamination when sediment within the distribution network is churned up and carried in water when the supply resumes.

Air may also be drawn into the system, causing air locks or water hammer (pressure surge).

Also, water rationing may not result in significant water conservation.

Consumers would fill up bathtubs, basins and containers in anticipation of water rationing. They also tend to leave taps in the "open" position so they will know when supply resumes.

A great deal of water may be wasted through these open taps after the supply is restored, and when excess stored water is disposed of.

Chia Wai Chon

Operations Manager

Singapore Plumbing Society

[Straits Times] Local brands have potential to keep Singapore relevant

VETERAN diplomat Bilahari Kausikan has reminded us that Singapore is a small state, and staying relevant must be the overarching strategic objective of small states ("Small? Become extraordinary"; Wednesday).

He adds that Singaporeans do not sufficiently appreciate that Singapore is a small state in a vulnerable part of the world.

This may be so because many Singaporeans think it is the Government's job to keep the country relevant to the world. And since it is doing such a good job, there is no need for individuals to care too much.

This attitude is reflected in domestic politics, as the electorate begins to voice demands for greater preferential treatment from the Government. This is worrisome for the future of our country.

To maintain our economic success, our Government has always been open to foreign talent in order to attract multinational corporations (MNCs). But MNCs can take us only to a certain point on the economic ladder.

Singaporeans and Singapore companies need to think about providing goods and services that are relevant to the world, to extend our economic influence.

A good example is Nestle. Founded in Switzerland in 1866, it is the largest food company in the world by revenue, with operations in 194 countries. However, as a group, it remains firmly Swiss.

With a strategic imperative in mind, hopefully more Singaporeans will think about the impact on our nation before they decide to cash out on iconic local brands like Tiger Beer or Crystal Jade.

Like the foreign owners, Singaporeans need to recognise the potential of these brands to grow global and extend the relevance of the little red dot.

Liu Fook Thim

[Straits Times] Science shouldn't have 'model' answers

MY CHILD is in Primary 3 and started taking science lessons this year.

During one lesson, her teacher told the class there could be only one correct answer phrased in a specific way for a particular question.

The school also organised advisory sessions for parents of Primary 6 pupils, so the parents could learn how the questions should be answered in order for their children to score in the Primary School Leaving Examination science paper.

I question the logic behind crafting answers to conform to a set standard. Science should encourage inquisitiveness.

This may seem idealistic, but in the long run, do we want to instil inquisitiveness in our children, or do we want them to do things in a specific way just to get good grades?

Can the Ministry of Education look into the "model" answers and allow for permutations, since science is a dynamic subject?

It may be years before the curriculum can be changed, but we should explore the changes now so our children will have the courage to seek alternatives with an inquisitive mindset.

Ashley Chan Kway Lan (Ms)

[Straits Times] MOH monitors Chas claims closely

WE THANK Mr Chan Chong Pak ("Simple way to rein in abuse of health-care claims"; Jan 22) and Mr Paul Chan Poh Hoi ("Clamp down on doctoring of claims"; Jan 23) for their suggestions to ensure a system of checks for claims made by general practitioner and dental clinics under the Community Health Assist Scheme (Chas).

Chas has allowed private medical and dental clinics to partner the Ministry of Health in making subsidised primary care more accessible for lower- to middle-income Singaporeans and pioneers within the community.

We assure our Chas beneficiaries that the Chas claims submitted by clinics are closely monitored by the ministry, and clinics have been and will continue to be called upon to account for any exceptional claims.

Charges can differ from clinic to clinic and from patient to patient, depending on the condition, treatment provided, medication prescribed and length of consultation.

All licensed clinics are strongly encouraged to display their common charges such as consultation and procedural fees prominently, and issue itemised receipts with a breakdown of the treatment costs and subsidy received to their patients. This will make the charges more transparent to their patients.

In addition, upon a patient's request, it is compulsory for clinics to issue an itemised breakdown of charges.

As members of respected professions, doctors and dentists are expected to adhere to the highest standard of professionalism and always act in the best interest of the patient.

The Singapore Medical Council's and Singapore Dental Council's Ethical Codes and Ethical Guidelines state that doctors and dentists cannot abuse the doctor/dentist-patient relationship for personal gain. Indeed, the vast majority of our doctors and dentists do observe these codes and guidelines closely.

The MOH will continue to monitor the situation closely, and encourages patients to actively engage their doctors and dentists, and vice versa, to address potential queries on treatment and charges.

Lim Bee Khim (Ms)

Director, Corporate Communications

Ministry of Health

[Straits Times] Sporting opportunities for all students

WE REFER to the feedback on students' participation in sports ("Why the young aren't taking part in sports" by Mr Tong Yong Sheng, last Saturday; and "Need to reshape sporting culture" by Mr Peter Chan Teng Hong, Monday).

The Ministry of Education (MOE) is committed to providing all students with the knowledge, skills and values to lead a physically active and healthy lifestyle. Through the increase in Physical Education (PE) periods, students' base participation in sports and physical activities has been increased to at least two hours per week.

The 2014 PE Syllabus helps students develop fundamental motor skills, gain exposure to a variety of sports and participate recreationally in physical activities. For example, at secondary level, they learn at least six sports and take part in at least three intra-school sports competitions.

We have stepped up the recruitment of PE teachers and the provision of in-service training programmes.

The Physical Education and Sports Teacher Academy, set up in 2011, has been providing dedicated professional development for PE and sports co-curricular activity (CCA) teachers. In this way, we aim to have all PE classes conducted by skilled PE teachers.

There are opportunities for interested students to play more sports. Today, about one-third of our total student population, or some 160,000 students, participate in sports CCAs, where they play sports recreationally or compete in inter-school competitions. The rest are in uniformed groups, performing arts groups, clubs and societies.

The MOE will work with individual schools facing challenges in achieving an appropriate balance.

While schools strive to meet the diverse needs of their students, it is not possible to cater to every demand for a specific CCA. This is where parents may wish to tap the range of sporting opportunities available in the community, for example, Sport Singapore's ActiveSG learn-to-play sessions, workshops and camps.

With strong parental and community support, we are confident of even greater student participation in sports and games, with the right balance of healthy competition and recreation.

Liew Wei Li (Ms)

Director

Student Development Curriculum Division

Ministry of Education

[Straits Times] More single rooms planned at new Dover hospice premises

IN HER letter ("Nurse went the extra mile"; Jan 23), Ms Tan Peck Kwan said her family had turned down a referral to Dover Park Hospice (DPH) because it did not allow family members to stay over with their loved ones.

DPH allows families to stay over if the patients are in single rooms. Unfortunately, as much as we try our best to accommodate most families' requests for single rooms, we are constrained by the number of such rooms available.

Currently, DPH has only 12 single rooms out of the 50 beds, and these are reserved for patients with special needs or those who are in their last days of life.

We understand that most families would wish to spend more private time with their loved ones in the hospice. Therefore, we have plans to build more single rooms in the new DPH premises, which will be ready in about five years' time.

In the meantime, we seek the understanding of our patients and families as we strive to serve them to the best of our ability.

Wu Huei Yaw (Dr)

Medical Director

Dover Park Hospice

[Straits Times] Attractions reaching out to S'poreans

WE THANK Mr Satish Khattar for his invaluable feedback ("Birthday 'present' Singaporeans will welcome"; Jan 13).

Entry to the museums under the charge of the National Heritage Board is free for Singapore citizens, and virtually all our attractions participate in some form of resident promotions and differentiated pricing through banks, credit cards, grassroots organisations and community groups.

Therefore, in many ways, our attractions are already practising preferred pricing and promotions for Singapore residents.

As part of SG50 celebrations, all attractions are supporting various efforts to reach out to Singaporeans, making 2015 a year to visit Singapore's attractions.

Some attractions even develop special events and holiday programmes to encourage repeat visits by Singapore residents. There are attractions that offer annual season passes, family packages and "staycation" promotions targeted at residents to help stretch their dollar and heighten their holiday fun.

In short, attractions have been giving special offers to Singaporeans all these years and, this year, we can see more of such promotions.

Kevin Cheong

Chairman

Association Of Singapore Attractions

[Straits Times] Clean up our act before Games

IT IS indeed a shame that many people in Singapore do not have the habit of picking up their own litter, especially at public events ("PM reacts to meadow of trash that music fans left behind"; Thursday).

As we are celebrating SG50 and will be hosting the SEA Games in June, we should try to address this issue, especially during the Games. I dread to imagine the sight of heaps of rubbish left behind at the various sports venues each day.

Instead of showcasing Singapore to the world, making it a memorable celebration of our 50th birthday, it will be a slap in our face.

I hope the SEA Games organisers will work with the Public Hygiene Council to explore ways to educate, encourage and remind people to pick up after themselves at the events, so we can truly say we are a developed and civilised society.

Quek Hong Choon

[Straits Times] Why turn beautiful city into garbage dump?

I WAS deeply dismayed to learn of the terrible mess left behind by concertgoers at the Laneway music festival last weekend ("PM reacts to meadow of trash that music fans left behind"; Thursday).

I hope this is not another "festival culture" we practise in Singapore.

Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong's comments are a resounding reminder that our "clean and green" moniker is largely misplaced self-flattery.

For a nation celebrating its golden jubilee, it is an embarrassment that our people continue to display a marked lack of maturity in a behaviour that one would think should be easily shaped by common sense and decency.

In our homes, I reckon that few, if any, of us would consider leaving trash and leftovers strewn across the floor.

Are we turning our beautiful city into a garbage dump with impunity?

To allow our nation to become so unsightly is evidence of our lack of care and concern for our environment. Even worse, it reflects a total contempt for this nation that we call home.

Perhaps it is the simple concept of ownership and responsibility that we are failing to grasp.

If we feel responsible for a piece of rubbish, it is naturally our duty to see that it is disposed of properly. Many of our Asian neighbours do this, so why can't we?

Some of us continue to perpetuate an irresponsible reliance on cleaners - an often besieged lot (usually elderly or foreign), who already have enough to do without having to pick up every soiled tissue or half-eaten food packet left behind by people who could not care less about them or our shared environment.

Eugene Heng

Waterways Watch Society

Singapore

[Straits Times] Schools don't focus only on sports CCAs

IT IS not true that schools focus only on sports co-curricular activities ("Schools' focus on medals results in limited sports choices" by Mr Tan Kok Lim; Forum Online, Monday).

For example, East View Primary School achieved a merit award in the Singapore Environmental Achievement Awards in 2013, North View Primary School won the gold award for dance in the Singapore Youth Festival in 2012, and Xinghua Primary School's Boys' Brigade bagged a gold in the JM Fraser Award last year.

These are surely not sedentary activities but require team work and physical effort.

The reality is that schools cannot offer CCAs to meet the ever-changing needs of every student. Hence, it is the responsibility of parents to search for a school that offers CCAs that best suit their children.

Having the passion for a particular sport is the greatest motivation to pursue it for life. It is not a passion if the motivation is solely to win medals or rewards.

David Poon Soon Cheong

[Straits Times] Not all litter is alike

THESE days, Singapore's streets have become dirtier than they were in the 1980s and 90s. Litter such as bottles, cans, plastic bags and styrofoam boxes are a common sight.

Of course, the rubbish is removed every day, but littering is a growing problem that we need to tackle if we are to maintain our image as a clean and green city.

I am all for the courts getting tougher on litterbugs, but we also need to apply common sense when it comes to curbing littering.

Litter such as cigarette butts, parking coupon tabs, styrofoam boxes and unwanted electrical appliances attract the same fines, regardless of their size, whether or not they are biodegradable, and the difficulty of removing them.

I have seen large styrofoam boxes falling from lorries, breaking apart and being strewn over a few kilometres of expressway. I am sure it takes much effort and time to clean up this kind of litter, not to mention the risks involved.

If the guilty lorry driver is fined for littering, should the fine be the same as that for someone who threw a cigarette butt or parking coupon tab on the road?

Of course, it is much easier to nab someone tossing aside a cigarette butt than an errant lorry driver. Perhaps that is why enforcement officers focus on the former. But for the sake of a clean Singapore, we should not miss the forest for the trees.

Tan Chin Hwee

[Straits Times] Beef up anti-littering enforcement at big events

I WAS saddened to read of the littering at Gardens by the Bay during the Laneway music festival ("PM reacts to meadow of trash that music fans left behind"; Thursday).

So far, the authorities have tackled littering through public education and enforcement action.

Education can change people's attitudes, but rigorous enforcement and steep penalties are also necessary.

Given the rampant littering at the music festival, I am surprised there has not been any reported enforcement action by National Environment Agency (NEA) officers.

I suggest that the NEA deploy enforcement officers to mingle in the crowd at such large-scale events, to nab litterbugs.

The organisers could also remind the crowd to dispose of their litter in the bins, as well as warn them about the presence of enforcement officers.

A litter-free Singapore does not happen by chance; it requires the continual collective effort of all stakeholders.

Tham Tuck Meng

[Straits Times] OK to litter because of cleaners? Rubbish!

PEOPLE who think they should not clean up after themselves just because there are cleaners around are being disingenuous ("PM reacts to meadow of trash that music fans left behind"; Thursday).

If such a low level of civic consciousness persists, then even if we have more cleaners, the environment will not be any cleaner.

More than 40 years after the Keep Singapore Clean campaign was first launched by then Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew, we have yet to achieve the desired results.

Perhaps the fault lies in our being too self-serving, caring only for ourselves.

We must not always depend on government agencies to push us to be more civic conscious. We need to do some soul-searching and contribute ideas on how to improve the cleanliness of our surroundings.

This awareness can be further enhanced by incorporating it in the school curriculum from the primary level, where pupils learn the importance of picking up litter and how this benefits them as an individual and as a community.

As Singapore's SEA Games will be held in June, we must ensure that, besides being an efficient and hospitable host nation, we are also a cleaner and greener country.

Jeffrey Law Lee Beng

[Straits Times] Taking India-US ties to the next level

THE recent trip to New Delhi by United States President Barack Obama is a testament to the growing India-US ties after decades of mistrust ("Obama's India visit a 'sign of growing affinity'"; Sunday).

It is a stark reminder of the efforts made by both sides to get to where they are today. Previous high-level visits by US leaders to India mostly ended up as mere "diplomatic window dressing" with not much achieved.

The visit by Mr Obama, however, has seen the leaders agreeing to renew the defence cooperation pact and ironing out differences over nuclear cooperation, paving the way for US firms to invest in nuclear power plants in India.

If India wants to leapfrog into the era of high technology and clean energy, it must forge a robust and multi-pronged partnership with the US.

American fever is prevalent in India today, with young middle-class Indians aspiring to seek greener pastures in the US, and parents dreaming of marrying off their daughters to men working in the US.

However, many Indian politicians, especially those from the leftist parties, enjoy indulging in double talk when it comes to getting closer to the Americans.

I hope Prime Minister Narendra Modi's government will make sustained efforts to forge a broader political consensus in New Delhi as it pushes ahead with ties with Washington.

Also, India-US ties should not be a zero-sum game directed against any third party, notably China.

New Delhi has always taken pride in pursuing an independent foreign policy. Thus, I am confident that India will not be drawn into any "China containment" moves.

New Delhi is now more confident in its dealings with China, which has shown increasing assertiveness.

With Sino-US ties now the most important bilateral relationship in the world, neither Washington nor New Delhi would want to rock the boat when it comes to Beijing.

K. Sabehshan

[Today] Possible use of technology for last-mile postal delivery

We refer to Ms Susan Meehan’s letter, “Did SingPost investigate case fully?” (Jan 27, online).

We take feedback seriously. The area manager and service quality manager were involved in the investigation, including a thorough questioning of the postman, who was certain he was unable to get through the intercom and assumed it was not working.

Our records showed that he had delivered a registered article successfully to another unit in the same condominium on the same day. We are sorry for the inconvenience caused.

We have in place processes that ensure feedback is investigated properly and objectively, as well as identify gaps and track corrective actions. There are standard operating procedures for registered articles and constant reminders to postmen.

We enforce this via regular checks on our staff’s delivery performance.

With the “last mile” being dependent on labour, consumer needs getting more sophisticated and delivery points continuing to grow, we will explore the use of technology for last-mile delivery.

[Today] Drinking ban should start at different times on weekdays, weekends

Regarding this week’s Talking Point, “The public drinking clampdown”, the word “clampdown” is a bit harsh, as there should be some form of controls on public drinking. The timing of the ban, 10.30pm, is a bit early, though.

A one-hour extension should be fine and is not late. But the timing should be different on weekdays, eves of public holidays and weekends.

People are busy on weekdays and may control their drink because the next day is a working day. We should target drinkers on weekends and public holidays.

In my younger days, I went to the pub often. Drunken behaviour such as vomiting usually happened before closing time, which was about 1am or 2am. By this time, one must have drunk a lot to have lost control over oneself.

To ban drinking after such and such a time is not enough. People should be educated and warned not to drink in public after the stipulated time. If they persist, I support the idea of a stiffer penalty the second time around.

[Today] Public transport system: Use universal designs

We refer to the letters “Fuss-free ideas for prams on buses” (Jan 20) and “Passengers with children should adapt to transport system, not vice versa” (Jan 17).

Public transport is important in enabling community living and should be made accessible to everyone.

We are encouraged by the efforts — from priority queues, to care stickers and dedicated “care zones” at selected train stations and platforms, to ensuring that all buses will be wheelchair-accessible by 2020 — to make public transport more accessible for people with disabilities.

However, there is room to do even better. As our population grows, we can expect greater diversity in the services needed by different communities. Besides wheelchair users and families with prams, the elderly will benefit from an easier boarding system.

Adopting universal designs, i.e. designing products and the built environment to be usable by everyone, regardless of one’s ability, age or situation, to the greatest extent possible, could help remove physical barriers and create a more inclusive environment.

This would, in turn, enable the different users such as the elderly and persons with limited mobility to lead active, independent lives.

That said, graciousness has its place in every society. We have heard many examples of individuals assisting persons with disabilities in public transport. Such kindness could make someone’s day, and if everyone makes a small effort, it makes a difference.

We hope there will be more understanding among commuters for diverse public transport users.

Greater graciousness in giving space and dignity to various users within the common space is important in creating an inclusive society, where people are respectful of one another and their needs.

[Today] Drinking ban should start at different times on weekdays, weekends

Regarding this week’s Talking Point, “The public drinking clampdown”, the word “clampdown” is a bit harsh, as there should be some form of controls on public drinking. The timing of the ban, 10.30pm, is a bit early, though.

A one-hour extension should be fine and is not late. But the timing should be different on weekdays, eves of public holidays and weekends.

People are busy on weekdays and may control their drink because the next day is a working day. We should target drinkers on weekends and public holidays.

In my younger days, I went to the pub often. Drunken behaviour such as vomiting usually happened before closing time, which was about 1am or 2am. By this time, one must have drunk a lot to have lost control over oneself.

To ban drinking after such and such a time is not enough. People should be educated and warned not to drink in public after the stipulated time. If they persist, I support the idea of a stiffer penalty the second time around.

[Today] Separate COE categories for cars based on size; why not for goods vehicles?

I refer to the report “Creating new COE category for smaller vans ‘not a good idea’” (Jan 21).

While I agree that having too many categories would lead to greater volatility, we must understand the purpose of having such categories in the first place and put the policy in the right context.

For example, taxis serve a different purpose from other vehicles in Category A. The Land Transport Authority was justified in removing them, despite this not resulting in lower premiums, which is mainly due to the overall demand in Cat A.

Similarly, vans are used mainly by small and medium enterprises and should not be in the same category as huge lorries and buses used by big corporations.

If volatility is the main concern, all vehicles should be under one category to minimise this. But cars are separated into two categories based on capacity, so why not for goods vehicles and buses, which are more essential to business?

[Today] Let’s end the confusing taxi flag-down rates

In reference to last week’s Talking Point, “Where’s my taxi?”, my opinion is that the fares are indeed confusing, as different cabs have different flag-down rates. Usually, my mother would only flag down the cheaper ComfortDelGro cabs.

I hope this will no longer be a concern, since it has been announced that the Government is looking at simplifying the taxi fare structure. It would be a good regulatory move.

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[Straits Times] Show-flats should accurately depict units

WE THANK Ms Tsang Ngai Wing Guen for her feedback ("Stricter rules on show-flats needed"; last Saturday).

It is important for developers to be transparent by providing accurate upfront information on housing units in sales documents, and we require them to do so. Since May 2012, we have required developers to provide more comprehensive information on residential properties to home buyers, including a scaled floor plan and a breakdown of the unit's floor area by spaces such as bedrooms, living room, balcony, planter box, air-conditioner ledge and so on.

We encourage home buyers to look through this information carefully before deciding on their property purchase. It will help them make better-informed decisions.

Later this year, we will introduce mandatory guidelines requiring developers to accurately depict units in their show-flats. For instance, developers will be required to clearly mark out and label any non-structural walls that have been removed.

Ling Hui Lin (Ms)

Controller of Housing

Urban Redevelopment Authority

[Straits Times] No health-plan duplication: MOH

MR CHRISTOPHER Tang Wei Ling ("Concerns about impact of MediShield Life on pioneers"; last Friday) was worried about how MediShield Life would impact the pioneer generation.

We assure him that pioneers who have an Integrated Shield Plan (IP) such as NTUC IncomeShield need not worry. They do not have to pay for another set of insurance premiums as there is no duplication between MediShield or MediShield Life and the IPs.

IPs like IncomeShield are Medisave-approved hospitalisation insurance plans made up of two parts - a MediShield portion targeted at coverage for Class B2 or C wards and managed by the Central Provident Fund Board, and a top-up portion providing additional benefits such as coverage in private hospitals, which is managed by the private insurer.

Therefore, if you have an IP like IncomeShield, you enjoy both the benefits of MediShield and the top-up portion. This also means that the premiums you pay to the insurer already include a portion for the MediShield premiums.

When launched, MediShield Life will replace the current MediShield portion in the IPs. We recognise that many IP policyholders may not be aware of how an IP works. We will work closely with the private insurers to ensure that insurance sales representatives explain this more clearly to policyholders.

When MediShield Life starts, the Government will provide special subsidies to the pioneer generation and Medisave top-ups for life. The pioneer generation subsidies help reduce the MediShield Life part of premiums within the IP plans. They can thus reduce the total IP premium that pioneers would otherwise have to pay.

Mr Tang made the point that "an existing medical condition covered under the private plan will become a pre-existing condition under the new MediShield Life plan". This is incorrect. Those who are currently insured under MediShield or an IP, and developed a condition only after their insurance coverage started, will not need to pay additional premiums due to premium loading on the condition.

Only those who developed medical conditions before starting MediShield or IP coverage (that is, pre-existing medical conditions) may need to pay additional premiums due to premium loading, depending on how serious these pre-existing conditions are.

Lim Bee Khim (Ms)

Director, Corporate Communications

Ministry of Health

[Straits Times] Safety features in place at condo

OFTEN, on a controversial issue, there is more to it than meets the eye. Unfortunately, when emotions get in the way of facts, opinions tend to take on an uncalled-for character, such as when Mr Rajasegaran Ramasamy deemed the attitude of the management corporation of One North Residences "callous" ("Board's ruling on safety grille in condo laudable"; Monday).

Children's safety has been one of the developer's and management's top priorities ever since the project obtained its temporary occupation permit.

From the onset, the developer provided for the following (endorsed by the management corporation and the annual general meeting as the norm for One North):

A lockable grille design inside the sliding balcony doors, should the subsidiary proprietor wish to install one for increased safety of children.

In the case reported in the article ("Family wins case to install grille in condo balcony for child's safety"; last Saturday), the subsidiary proprietor insisted on his own grille design to effectively enclose the entire balcony.

A 35cm-deep, 52cm-wide sunken concrete box area around the entire balcony adjacent to the glass balustrade, intended for plants to block anyone from getting close to the balustrade and also to enhance the aesthetics for every balcony.

Some owners, including the subsidiary proprietor mentioned above, chose to cover the sunken planter box with wooden planks, to have a larger balcony.

Of course, this considerably compromised the intended safety feature as it would be easier to climb over the balustrade.

Yet, the subsidiary proprietor refused to consider the simple safety option of merely removing the portion of the planks abutting the edge of the balcony.

Loh Kim Fong (Ms)

Management Corporation of

One North Residences

[Straits Times] Should overseas citizens pay premiums?

I READ with interest the articles on MediShield Life and how the Central Provident Fund Board will be empowered to access citizens' income details and health status ("Granting access to health and income data makes sense"; last Saturday).

It is logical to assume there would be bias against those who have been hospitalised.

Patients with pre-existing medical conditions who were not admitted to hospital would have no hospital records. Some may have been hospitalised overseas and have no local records.

How would they be assessed on the severity of their pre-existing illnesses, for the purpose of premium loading?

Also, how far back will hospital records be searched? As it is, there are no statutory requirements for hospitals to keep medical records beyond seven to eight years.

As for those who have lived abroad for a long time, would they face imprisonment for not paying their MediShield Life premiums if they return? It seems unfair to expect them to pay premiums if they do not intend to use their MediShield entitlements. Would this encourage them to give up their citizenship to avoid being punished?

I suggest that they be excused from paying compulsory premiums. If they choose to return, they will have to buy their own health insurance policies, or pay their hospital fees in full without MediShield coverage.

While I agree that the Government should penalise those who refuse to pay their premiums, those who are not living or working in Singapore should be treated differently.

Chong Jin Long

[Straits Times] Self-reliance key to avoiding crisis

THE current crisis in Greece holds important lessons for Singapore.

The new anti-austerity Syriza-led government will face an uphill task turning around the country's economy. With limited monetary reserves and talk of debt write-offs by its major creditors, Greece is in poor shape with more than 25 per cent unemployment.

Singapore, with its diminutive size, is naturally more vulnerable and sensitive to global economic events.

Fortunately, and to the Government's credit, we have substantial reserves and do not have huge national debts.

However, Singapore's economy is undergoing restructuring to reduce our reliance on foreign labour. We also face an ageing population - with a whole host of related issues like unemployment, rising health-care costs and so on - and rising expectations of our citizens, especially the younger ones.

The need to carefully tweak government expenditure to generate optimal and sustainable benefits is even more paramount.

Justification for a Pioneer Generation Package Part 2 must be viewed holistically. It can be implemented only if we have the means to do so, as rightly pointed out by Social and Family Development Minister Chan Chun Sing ("Pioneers package Part 2? 'It'll depend on next generation' "; Tuesday).

We must not and should not expect the younger generation to take on the added burden of caring for the ageing population, as they will face other lifelong economic challenges.

All Singaporeans should try to be self-reliant instead of depending on government handouts.

Likewise, Singapore, as a country, has to have a similar mindset, otherwise we could become another Greece. With prudent financial management and dynamic leadership, we can succeed - just as we have done for the past 50 years.

Raymond Koh Bock Swi

[Straits Times] Councils shouldn't be 'exclusive country clubs'

THERE have been previous instances of condominium management corporations denying the requests of unit owners, or subsidiary proprietors, to install safety grilles ("Family wins case to install grille in condo balcony for child's safety"; last Saturday).

This brings to mind a few questions, namely:

Are the managing agents competent enough to interpret the Building Maintenance and Strata Management Act to advise management councils? Is there a certification for these agents?

Why are subsidiary proprietors allowed to serve in the council in perpetuity? There ought to be a fixed term, to give others a chance to serve.

The council should not operate like an exclusive country club, where members elect one another, sometimes by proxies.

Why is the use of proxies allowed? Voting at annual general meetings can turn into ugly proxy wars. This is especially unhealthy when council members go around soliciting support.

By gathering proxies to support their cause, council members are effectively denying others the chance for robust discussions of issues.

Even limiting proxies will not help because proxies can be "distributed" among members. Proxies should be disallowed for the sake of harmonious living.

Could the problem faced by One North Residences resident Sujit Singh Gill, and others like him, exist because of some of these practices?

Chan Lai Chan (Madam)

[Straits Times] Glass curtains for safety

MR ALLEIN Moore said allowing condominium residents to install grilles at their balconies would ruin the architectural integrity of the development and reduce the value of the property ("Allowing condo 'cages' could reduce value of property"; Forum Online, Monday).

These "cages" are a necessary safety precaution to prevent children from climbing over the balcony.

A win-win alternative may be to use glass curtains made of a few pieces of sliding glass.

When children are around, residents can slide the glass pieces to close off the balcony. When closed, these curtains do not look like cages and will not ruin the development's architectural integrity.

I hope the Strata Titles Board can consider this idea.

Tan Kok Lim

[Straits Times] Bouquets

Duo saved husband's life

ON SUNDAY evening, my husband was playing football at the field at Bedok South Secondary School when he collapsed and became unresponsive.

People came to his aid and two of them, Military Expert 2 Gerald Tan Sheng Hong and Master Warrant Officer Royston Low, successfully resuscitated my husband using cardiopulmonary resuscitation and an automated external defibrillator.

The doctor at Changi General Hospital said the duo's timely application of their life-saving skills kept my husband alive until the ambulance arrived.

My husband is now under observation in the Intensive Care Unit. I thank ME2 Tan and MWO Low for bringing him back to me. My family and I are extremely grateful to them.

Rina Pee Ai Li (Ms)

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Help in finding reckless driver

ON JAN 17, I was being driven along Bukit Timah Road towards Sixth Avenue when a Comfort taxi cut into my lane, causing damage to my car. Instead of stopping to check, the taxi driver sped off. My driver gave chase but could not catch up with the cab.

A civic-minded driver, Mr Ray Tay, who was behind the taxi taped the incident using the video camera in his car. He signalled to my driver to stop, and told him he would pass us the clip. Without his help, we would not have been able to identify the culprit.

I thank Mr Tay for his civic-mindedness.

Philip Soh Sai Kiang

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Cabby returns important ring

LAST Saturday, I boarded a cab to my friend's house for lunch, and did not realise I had dropped a ring I was wearing until midway through the meal.

The ring was of great importance to me, as it was one of the few items my mother had left me more than 50 years ago.

When I got home, I called up Comfort, giving details of the pick-up and drop-off points and the time of the journey. I was told that the cabby would be asked to check.

The next morning, the ring still could not be found. Perhaps a passenger had taken it.

To my surprise, I received a call from the cab company saying cabby Yap Kok Hwa had found my ring after checking his vehicle again. He returned the ring to me at the lobby of my building. His honesty and care made an immense impact on me.

Teh Saw Im (Miss)

[Straits Times] Ombudsman system ensures independence and fairness

INJUSTICES committed by public officers exist in all societies. It is a fact of life and Singapore is no exception.

Ms Grace Morgan's suggestion to rely on the "strong public service ethos" to combat injustice is idealistic but not practical ("Ombudsman unnecessary in S'pore"; Tuesday).

Not all injustices are criminal or corruption cases under the purview of the Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau. The cause could be negligence on the part of public officers.

Currently, the victims' only recourse is to report such cases to the supervisors of the errant officers. But there is no guarantee that impartiality will be exercised by the supervisors in their investigations of their colleagues and departments.

The rationale for having an ombudsman is to ensure independence, fairness and transparency in the investigation of complaints against public officers.

We can study the ombudsman systems in other countries and develop our own that is empowered to effectively render justice to our citizens.

Robert Tang Hin Ching

[Straits Times] Reject ideologies of extremists

THE Grand Mufti of Egypt, Sheikh Shawki Allam, urged Muslims to be wary of extremism in his lecture on Monday ("Grand Mufti: Moderation key to Islamic teachings"; Tuesday).

The world is being plagued with terrorism and acts of extremism; militant groups have launched attacks on innocent people in the name of Islam.

As a Muslim, I feel that these militant groups are cowards who hide behind the good name of Islam to pursue their own interests and agendas.

All of us, especially Muslims, should reject their advances and not tolerate or support any of their objectives.

I urge the Muslim authorities and respected Muslim figures around the world to reinforce the correct teachings of our religion, especially to the youth who might share the same ideologies as the militants.

As a Singaporean, I fully support and appreciate the hard work and effort by our Government and Muslim leaders to improve the tarnished image of Islam and its followers.

Muhammad Dzul Azhan Haji Sahban

[Straits Times] Fire engine crew made misjudgment while leaving mall

WE REFER to Ms Lee Kay Yan's letter ("Burning question over stuck fire engine"; Forum Online, Tuesday).

On the afternoon of Jan 19, a Singapore Civil Defence Force (SCDF) fire engine was at VivoCity for a fire safety inspection. The fire engine traversed the designated fire engine access area at the VivoCity courtyard, facing Telok Blangah Road, and was parked within the designated area.

Upon completing the fire safety inspection at about 6pm, the crew unfortunately made a misjudgment while exiting the courtyard, by travelling beyond the fire engine access area. As a result, the rear wheels of the fire engine were partially submerged into the courtyard's flooring.

The SCDF has been in touch with the VivoCity management on the incident and has also initiated an internal investigation, with the objective of preventing a similar occurrence.

Leslie Williams (Lieutenant-Colonel)

Assistant Director (Public Affairs Department)

Singapore Civil Defence Force

[Straits Times] Help and understanding during quake crisis

THE article ("Japan marks two decades since major Kobe quake"; Jan 18) made me recall my experience related to the Kobe earthquake of 1995.

When the earthquake struck, I was in Singapore while my Japanese wife and then three-month-old daughter were in Kobe.

They survived the disaster even though their house was partially destroyed.

Frantically, my wife sought to return to Singapore with our daughter, but we had yet to apply for a passport for our newborn.

My wife went to the immigration office in Kobe, but there was a surge of passport applications because of the quake and the waiting period was three months.

Desperate, I went to the immigration department in Singapore, not expecting much since my baby was not with me and a new passport would take weeks to be processed at that time.

I explained my plight to an officer, who referred me to his superior. I recall that a Miss Chua asked me a few questions, then issued a temporary travel document for my daughter on the spot.

With it, I was able to bring my daughter here.

Today, my daughter is 20 years old, and I will always be grateful to the immigration officers here for being so understanding.

This year, as Singapore celebrates its 50th birthday, I would like to say a big "thank you" to the immigration department and the country for going the extra mile to assist a citizen when it mattered.

Jeffrey Shimada Koh

[Straits Times] Support and care in time of illness

DURING my recent viral infection, which lasted more than three weeks, several people rallied around me and gave me much-needed support.

The head of Ang Mo Kio Polyclinic, Dr Karen Ng, and her deputy, Dr Christopher Chong, attended to me promptly and gave me a letter stating the illnesses I was being treated for, so I could secure the much-needed support.

They understood that I was isolated following my wife's death, and assured me they would do all they could to ensure I got the services I needed.

Bethesda C.A.R.E. Centre in Hougang, through its social worker Anthony, stepped forward and got someone to spruce up my home after I revealed that after my wife died, all the support services we had in the past died with her.

Sharon Tan, Justine and her sister Vivian Chiu, who heard of my plight on Facebook, visited me and bought me a meal as I was too weak to walk.

I will continue to face difficulties in getting social support, but I am comforted to know that there are people who know how to lend a hand and feel for another human being.

Raymond Anthony Fernando

[Straits Times] Gracious hospitality throughout trip

I VISITED Singapore for the first time this month and was very impressed with the graciousness and kindness of the people I met.

The taxi driver ferrying me to the zoo advised me to get a bottle of water as it was a hot day.

At the zoo, the ticketing staff did a good job of explaining how my ticket would permit me to visit four different areas.

The cabby taking me back to my hotel told me there was no need to tip him.

At a supermarket, the cashier waited patiently as I dug in my wallet for the correct amount of money, and cheerfully helped me bag my purchases.

And back at the hotel, the concierge patiently helped me go through the steps to log onto its Wi-Fi.

All these acts of simple kindness happened on my first day here, and I continued to experience patience and kindness throughout my 10 days in Singapore.

I hope to return to enjoy your gracious hospitality.

George Malacinski (Professor)

[Today] Single parents should be treated more fairly

The Government encourages Singaporeans to have more children. When a marriage breaks down, however, the party left to care for the children is penalised. (“Parenting benefits for working mums apply ‘within the context of marriage’: Tharman”; Jan 21, Channel NewsAsia)

First, single mothers are not entitled to eight extra weeks of paid maternity leave.

Second, married mothers who work can claim child relief, ranging from 15 per cent of their income for the first child to as much as 25 per cent for their third child and subsequent children.

Third, there is a 7 per cent Additional Buyer’s Stamp Duty if one buys a second property, and single parents willing to sell their first property within six months of buying the second property can apply for the rebate.

But approval is on a case-by-case basis, whereas married couples are eligible for the refund. These unfair rules should be reversed. Many single parents are usually in such a situation not by choice.

As a single mother of three children, I must work hard to raise them single-handedly, ensuring that they study hard and be good citizens who contribute to society. Single parents should at least be treated fairly, like any other Singaporeans.

Single parents need emotional support to stand up and face their circumstances. I hope there can be more classes for those who intend to get married to better understand their future spouse and both of their responsibilities, to avoid divorces.

Also, having more classes for single parents would help them get rid of their pain and anger at any betrayal and emotional baggage, so that they can move on bravely as single parents.

[Today] Understand, address reasons for recidivism to lower rate

The recidivism rate has increased to its highest since 2003, and with more inmates relapsing into criminal behaviour, questions should be asked of the rehabilitation and aftercare service provided.

The phenomenon has unfortunately persisted, despite efforts by the Singapore Prison Service, the Singapore Corporation of Rehabilitative Enterprises (Score) and the Yellow Ribbon Project to facilitate training and reintegration.

Member of Parliament Denise Phua could be right that the rehabilitation period may have to be strengthened and lengthened, as this is the period where re-offence is most probable. (“Fewer inmates land jobs before release, as recidivism increases”; Jan 24)

How, though? The recidivism rate was 23.3 per cent for inmates released in 2010 and 27.5 per cent for the 2012 batch.

However, fewer people were sent to prison in the same period, which could account for a lower absolute increase in the number of re-offenders.

Be that as it may, the prison service and parliamentarians should take a long, hard look at the profiles of these re-offenders before determining the efficacy of present measures and the crimes that deserve more attention.

Do former prisoners commit other offences or relapse into the same criminal behaviour? If the latter is more prevalent, what are these types of crimes?

Based on demographics and socio-economic backgrounds, which individuals are more likely to be incarcerated again?

Beyond quantitative analyses, what do qualitative exchanges with these inmates yield? Are there trends in their narratives or struggles?

Some people may insist that prisons are meant for punishment and deterrence, though they would be hard-pressed to disagree that focusing on education and rehabilitation is especially helpful for the disenfranchised. These benefits are shared by everyone.

That more employers are now registered with Score — 4,433 last year, up from 3,876 in 2013 — reflects a commitment to this cause.

We could take solace that our recidivism rate is relatively low.

The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime reported in 2012 that rates could reach 70 per cent or more, including in some prisons within the United Kingdom.

If we continue our focus on understanding and addressing the reasons for recidivism and helping those who have relapsed, we could perhaps match the rates of the best countries, such as Norway, at 20 per cent.

[Today] Why subsidise half-day childcare centres, but not kindergartens?

I hope the Early Childhood Development Agency (ECDA) can clarify some queries regarding the report “NTUC to launch new kindergarten programme, 10 pre-schools this year” (Jan 22).

Why are childcare centres allowed to run kindergarten programmes, which are typically four hours or fewer per day?

If these centres cater to parents who need only half-day programmes, what kind of parents should kindergartens cater to?

The Government now subsidises such half-day programmes in commercial childcare centres, but not in commercial kindergartens.

What is the rationale for this difference in treatment? Both are running “kindergarten” or half-day programmes.

If childcare centres can run half-day programmes and receive subsidies, parents who send their children to kindergartens should receive the same level of subsidies in all fairness.

The ECDA should set clear pre-school guidelines: Childcare centres can only run full-day programmes, while kindergartens can only run half-day programmes. Parents who need only half-day programmes should thus send their children to kindergartens instead of childcare centres.

[Today] Inform public about progress of local cancer research

The report “Nanotechnology may provide more effective cancer treatment” (Jan 26), mentioned that the nanotechnology may be applicable for a range of difficult cancers. Understandably, cancer patients look forward to its progression.

Such announcements by our researchers in cancer treatment seem to have been focused largely on cancer of the pancreas, breast, ovaries, et cetera. One particular area that seems to have drawn a blank is research on nasal cancers.

Around 2006, there was an article on research into nasal cancers by a prominent doctor at the National Cancer Centre, and additional money was granted. Sadly, after a few years, it faded away. There should perhaps be follow-up announcements on progress made or if such research is aborted for whatever reason, so that the public is aware rather than hoping against hope that something positive will emerge.

Success, of course, would put Singapore on the map for generations to come.

[Today] Plunging oil prices have not helped consumer

Even without the benefit of hindsight, the report “Public transport fares may drop next year: Lui” (Jan 20), could have been taken as a hint that there will be no drop for the present.

In the event, it was reported that “Public transport fares to rise by 1 to 10 cents” (Jan 22).

The report mentioned that fares will stay unchanged for more than 1.1 million commuters, presenting the corollary that the remaining others will pay more.

In the context that the hike is 2.8 per cent from April 5, it may be poor consolation that fares could fall by about 1 per cent next year.

Any such revision would still result in higher fares than at present, the steep fall in oil prices notwithstanding.

While experts see no apparent anomaly in the situation, many commuters may wonder, at a basic level of understanding, how the Bus Service Enhancement Programme is beneficial here. (“Increases expected as costs still weigh on operators, say experts”; Jan 22)

The projected subsidy appears not to have trickled down to commuters. At nearly all levels, end users in Singapore may feel that the short end of the stick has been reserved for them.

The present-day oil price of S$50 has not translated into comparable reductions of scale in pump prices to benefit motorists, while bottled gas for homes is priced the same as it was when oil prices were around S$115.

That trite phrase, consumer is king, sounds hollow when there are aces to trump him.

[Today] Airlines should take advantage of lower fuel prices to sell more seats

I refer to the report “AirAsia scraps fuel surcharges as oil prices fall” (Jan 27), and applaud AirAsia’s announcement, which recognises that travellers should not be taken for granted.

Critics may take this as a countermeasure to its recent setback, but it bodes well, showing that it is keeping up with the times, as the surcharges were introduced when crude oil prices skyrocketed.

In recent months, when the prices plummeted, airlines complacently and conveniently took the surcharges to be steadfast. Airport taxes and fuel surcharges, when combined, cost more than the ticket itself for numerous flights.

Airlines should make good use of current oil prices and take prudent steps to hedge their forward fuel prices to sell more seats, at least for this year and perhaps the next.

I shall look forward to a flying start to the year.

[Today] Show her the movie-making money, Tinseltown

It is surprising that women are not having more of a say in major Hollywood projects. (“Coulda, shoulda, woulda: Why those protesting against the Oscar nominations list got it wrong”; Jan 20)

I still believe that women in America, if not the free world generally, are more fortunate in having more opportunities than women in the rest of the world, particularly if they are able to take full advantage of favourable circumstances.

But the bottom line matters, especially for big-budget blockbusters, which have a lot more riding on them.

There is no room for tripping up, even if one is male.

There is even less doubt that it is a question of overcoming the prejudices that exist in a male-dominated industry such as Tinseltown and having to work harder to show what one is capable of exactly.

Barriers are there to be broken, and they were to a certain extent, when the first woman to win an Academy Award for Best Director was Kathryn Bigelow for the 2009 film, The Hurt Locker.

The bigger film, commercially, that year was Avatar. And it did not matter that director James Cameron lost because he had already won big for Titanic. That was the sentiment all round.

So, there was this begrudging attitude to be dealt with for women, and there has not been much to crow about since.

But I think that will change because women have featured more prominently in films that have done well in recent years, in front of and even behind the camera.

As long as studios are willing to take a chance with their money, backed by the courage of their convictions, then the results could be interesting, more so after years of the same old sequels, prequels and remakes.

I believe that women have a better eye for the arts and should, therefore, be better able to excel in creating a good film. They have the experience and the drive.

With a little more encouragement, they could become a staple in film-making in years to come. They have nothing to lose and everything to gain in taking a chance, and that could work in their favour.

[Straits Times] My point

Trash, recyclables mixed together

MY FAMILY takes the time each day to separate our regular trash and recyclable items. Many of my neighbours do the same, depositing the items in the recycling bins within our estate.

To my dismay, I observed a waste collection truck from Veolia tossing rubbish from both the green waste bins and blue recycling containers into the same vehicle. This was done for households along the entire stretch of road.

Why make us separate our rubbish from recyclables if both are thrown into the same truck?

Are there any measures to ensure that the waste collectors are properly audited?

Residents need the assurance that their recyclable waste will be dealt with in the correct manner, if they are to be encouraged to recycle.

Yong Wenya (Ms)

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Rats! Review cleanliness ratings

THE Ministry of National Development's annual Town Council Management Report allows residents to assess how well their elected MPs are running the town councils.

All the town councils received the top "green" band for estate cleanliness in the latest report. But recent revelations of rat infestations in Bukit Batok, Punggol, and Clementi must surely cast some doubt on these ratings.

It would be reasonable to expect the ministry to accurately reflect these significant lapses in its current and future reports.

Daniel Ng Peng Keat (Dr)

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Weekend movie discount for seniors

I AM a senior citizen who has patronised Golden Village cinemas for years.

Ticket prices have risen over the years. Senior citizens pay only $4.50 for weekday shows before 6pm, but this is the period when some are helping their families to look after their grandchildren.

Perhaps Golden Village can lead the way in our nation's SG50 celebrations by extending the ticket concession for seniors to weekends as well.

Jeff Tan Hong Liak

[Straits Times] New rules impose extra requirements on big dorms

WE THANK Mr Tham Tuck Meng for supporting the Foreign Employee Dormitories Bill ("Tighten rules: Why stop at large dorms?"; last Friday).

As he has rightly pointed out, all dormitories, regardless of size, should be well regulated. For this reason, there already exists a comprehensive set of rules governing the living conditions of foreign workers.

The areas that are regulated include building and fire safety, minimum living space and hygiene standards. These requirements apply to all forms of foreign worker accommodation.

The various government agencies such as the Building and Construction Authority, the Singapore Civil Defence Force and the National Environment Agency are stepping up enforcement of these rules, and will review them with a view to raising them over time.

However, for larger dormitories, it is necessary to impose additional requirements. Given their larger size and higher density of workers living within close proximity to one another, they pose higher risks that need to be mitigated upstream during the design phase and in the operational phase.

This includes requirements that cover public health and safety, security and public order, and the provision and maintenance of social and commercial facilities and services.

It is for this reason that the Ministry of Manpower introduced the Foreign Employee Dormitories Bill as a progressive measure to mitigate the risks of larger dormitories.

As more large dormitories are developed over the next few years, this Bill ensures that, upstream, better requirements are woven into their design and development.

The effect of the new legislation is not to allow us to take a more relaxed attitude with respect to smaller dorms, but rather to put additional regulatory requirements on the bigger dorms that have a much greater impact on their surrounding neighbourhoods.

Alvin Lim

Divisional Director

Workplace Policy & Strategy Division

Ministry Of Manpower

[Straits Times] Safety framework for testing of driverless vehicles

WE THANK Mr Ng Lee Meng for his letter ("What if driverless cars got into accidents?"; Jan 20).

The Land Transport Authority (LTA) closely tracks the advancement of autonomous vehicle (AV) technology worldwide to see how AVs can meet our future transport needs.

Previously, we had approved the trial of driverless vehicles within the campuses of the National University of Singapore and Nanyang Technological University by their respective research institutions.

The AV test bed in one-north will build on these ongoing efforts, and give us the opportunity to learn and understand the technical capabilities and infrastructural requirements for driverless vehicles to operate safely on public roads.

Participants of the trial in one-north will need to comply with a safety framework that the LTA and one-north's master planner and developer, JTC Corporation, have drawn up to ensure the safety of all road users.

Under these requirements, a qualified driver must always be on board when the AV is tested. He is responsible for the safe operation of the AV and will be required to take control of it if necessary during the test runs.

The test vehicles also have to be fitted with data recorders to keep track of information such as the date and time of the test, as well as the speed of the vehicle. In the event of an incident, information from the recorders can be used to assist in the investigation.

All participating companies also need to ensure that their test vehicles have the necessary insurance coverage.

Helen Lim (Ms)

Director, Media Relations

Land Transport Authority

[Straits Times] Preserve more of what makes Geylang unique

HAVING read about the rezoning of Geylang ("Rezoning won't change character of Geylang area"; last Friday), I wonder if more could be done to preserve the uniqueness of the place.

I grew up in Geylang, in a part that is not Geylang Serai or the red light district.

Seldom is this area discussed even though it has a rich history. Back in the 1960s and 70s, this area - between Lorong 3 and Lorong 21 - was a hive of activity.

Walking along the five-foot way, one could find all kinds of shops, above which lived families; and in the back alleys, there were hawkers.

Besides the history, the buildings in the area will make you pause and look.

There is a beautifully decorated one in Lorong 19, the post-modern residential units in Lorong 17, and the smart greystone units that dot the area.

Then there is the Geylang English School, which reminds one of a Malay school of old.

Geylang will not be Geylang if its tree-lined, three-storey terraced houses disappear or are transformed.

Already, tall condominiums are invading the area, replacing the older buildings.

I hope the authorities will make a concerted effort to gazette and preserve more of this part of historical Geylang. After all, many of our pioneers laid down their roots in this area.

Lai Tuck Chong

[Straits Times] NTUC social enterprises cater to changing needs

MR PATRICK Tan Siong Kuan posed a question about how NTUC's businesses tie in with the labour movement's aim of protecting ordinary Singaporean workers ("Key challenges for labour movement"; Tuesday).

We assure him that NTUC social enterprises exist to further the labour movement's mission of helping working people earn a better living and live a better life.

While protection at the workplace will always remain core to the labour movement, we recognise that workers' needs have changed over the years. Protection can also be extended to economic and social protection, and in line with this, the labour movement looks towards providing the 4 Ps - Protection, Progression, Placement and Privileges - to the workers we serve.

NTUC social enterprises' purpose is to help moderate the cost of living for working families in Singapore.

Today, this covers the provision of daily essentials, cooked food, pre-school education, continual education, health care, eldercare, insurance and affordable access to recreational facilities.

However, we recognise that the Singapore populace has changed since the 1970s and, as we strive to remain relevant, the range of products and services that we offer aims to meet the needs of the different strata of our society, which straddles the low-income to the burgeoning aspiring middle-class, all of whom want a better quality of life.

We thank Mr Tan for sharing his views and conveying his best wishes to our newly appointed deputy secretary-general Chan Chun Sing.

Lynette Ang Siew Ching (Ms)

Chief Brand & Communications Officer

NTUC Enterprise

[Straits Times] Architecture profession facing same problem

THE architecture profession empathises with the dilemma faced by eateries due to the labour crunch ("Empty tables? Sorry, restaurant is 'full' "; Tuesday).

The Building and Construction Authority projected that the value of construction deals here will reach $29 billion to $36 billion this year, following an exceptionally strong performance last year.

There is record construction demand, yet available manpower is at its lowest, caused by the strict hiring quotas on foreign architectural technicians imposed by the authorities.

The industry is stretched to its limit as the supply of such technicians among locals and permanent residents (PRs) is almost non-existent. It is interesting to note that, unlike the banking and IT sectors, no local or PR jobs have been compromised on account of foreign staff in the architecture profession.

This is because our profession has been experiencing extreme difficulty in recruiting locals as the available numbers are insufficient to meet demand, even before the labour crunch.

While it is possible for other sectors in the construction industry to adopt new technologies to raise productivity, the work of architects cannot be done by a tablet PC or an app.

Architecture is about lovingly crafting and designing buildings and ensuring they comply fully with the myriad of statutory requirements, for the safety and well-being of the public.

To maintain quality amid the labour crunch, many practices have been forced to turn away work. This is a chronic problem and a wasted opportunity to explore architectural innovations and enhancements.

To circumvent this, some firms have set up production offices overseas, resulting in a brain drain and resources being spent overseas instead of locally for the country's benefit.

Unless something is done to review the quota on foreign hires in our profession and other industries where the local workforce is virtually non-existent, delays in delivery, growth retardation and, possibly, closure of businesses will be inevitable.

Theodore Chan

President

Singapore Institute of Architects

[Straits Times] Beat labour blues with self-service

RESTAURANTS that turn away customers because of the labour crunch are doing the right thing ("Empty tables? Sorry, restaurant is 'full' "; Tuesday), because they do not believe in short-changing customers by offering poor service.

I have experienced poor service at restaurants - part-time waiters taking the wrong order and arguing when the wrong dish is served.

The worst thing is that customers still have to pay the 10 per cent service charge even though the service is poor.

Restaurants should do away with this charge.

I am sure most Singaporeans do not mind queueing up at the cashier to place their orders, pouring their own drinks or getting their own cutlery.

Restaurants can overcome the labour crunch by opting for the self-service model. There would then be no need to turn away customers.

Tan Kok Lim

[Straits Times] Let kids enjoy sports without pressure to succeed

THE school sports scene provides a platform for children to push themselves and strive for excellence, besides offering an opportunity for character building in their formative years.

But how many children want only to enjoy sports without having to constantly strive for medals ("Need to reshape sporting culture" by Mr Peter Chan Teng Hong; Monday)?

Worse, some are "pushed" into sports they dislike as "quotas" for popular ones that can bring glory to the school have been filled, causing these children to have a disdain for sports in general.

Who is to blame for this? The schools? Teachers? Parents? Or the children themselves?

The blame should lie with the system. We are assessed in every aspect of our daily lives; "sports for life" will not succeed with this approach.

While we celebrate our children's successes, let us also encourage mass participation in sports from children who just want to enjoy the games.

Ting See Ping

[Straits Times] Pioneer package sends vital message to young generation

MR TERLOK Nath's letter ("'Real' pioneers helped build nation from scratch"; last Saturday) reminded me that the term "pioneer" is both a noun and a verb.

As a recipient of the Pioneer Generation Package benefits, however, I prefer to think of it as an adjective that describes the pioneering spirit.

I believe the package is intended to not just "compensate" the pioneers who earned low wages while they were working. As Mr Nath has stated, the dollar value in the 1960s was very high and "most of us could make ends meet with such wages".

Instead, the Government is also trying to encourage the younger generation to emulate our pioneering spirit as we enter the next 50 years of Singapore's development.

Mr Nath said "our generation has seen hard times, and turned out to be thrifty and wise"; we certainly hope the next generation will possess this same spirit.

Times and circumstances have changed. We no longer live in attap huts or use communal bathrooms; most households have their own TV sets and no longer have to watch TV in others' homes. But the need to continue to improve our lives does not change.

Sadly, the "gotong royong" (mutual self-help) atmosphere has vanished as we progressed.

The challenges our younger generation face are different, but the need for pioneers to carve a niche for our small country remains. Instead of throwing up our hands and saying "these are global problems and Singapore is just a small dot", I would like to think the Pioneer Generation Package will remind our next generation to adopt a pioneering spirit in overcoming these challenges.

Geoffrey Kung

[Straits Times] Consider manpower status before expanding food businesses

A GROWING number of eateries are popping up in shopping malls. When a mall is revamped, chances are, more eateries would appear.

The labour crunch will not go away any time soon, so restaurant owners have to consider their manpower situation before deciding to expand their businesses ("Empty tables? Sorry, restaurant is 'full'"; Tuesday). They should first focus on ways to improve their productivity with the limited manpower they have.

When owners have to pay higher wages to recruit the required staff, they are likely to pass on the cost to customers.

Leong Kok Seng

[Straits Times] Labour pains hurting food paradise image

I WAS saddened to learn that restaurants have had to turn away customers because of the labour crunch ("Empty tables? Sorry, restaurant is 'full'"; Tuesday).

Restaurant owners say it is difficult to recruit locals, who generally shun jobs in the food and beverage (F&B) industry.

The hiring quotas and high levies have made it hard for employers to hire foreign workers, who are generally known to be dedicated employees.

Singapore is known as a food paradise and it is crucial for the Government to help this industry. It is perhaps time to review and relax the current labour policies.

Many of the affected restaurants are pioneers in developing Singapore's diverse food culture. If the labour shortage is not addressed, many may have to close. This will hurt tourism and, consequently, our economy.

The Manpower Ministry and other government agencies should meet the various F&B stakeholders to address their concerns and work on solutions.

Can the ministry gather data on the number of restaurants facing a labour crunch? Does it have figures on the number that have shut down because of it?

Singaporeans do not want to eat sub-standard food. We need the F&B industry to thrive once again.

V. Balu

[Straits Times] Hassle in recovering lost iPad: Sats replies

WE ARE in the process of contacting Ms Judy Tan Wan-Ju ("iPad left on plane recovered, but only after much hassle"; Forum Online, last Saturday) to explain our procedures in reporting lost and found items.

We are sorry for the inconvenience she encountered and thank her for her feedback, which we will use as we strive to improve our service and processes further.

Denis Marie

Senior Vice-President, Apron and Security Services

Sats

[Straits Times] Take time out to experience nature

I COULD not help but smile when I read last Friday's article ("Civets on Ubin get GPS collars").

It is testament to the variety of wildlife that can be found within and around our modern metropolis, be it on Pulau Ubin or in Siglap where I live. In fact, I practically share my home with a civet that stealthily traverses my roof almost every day.

Seen in the early hours of dawn or at the first shimmer of nightfall, it is a thing of beauty with its distinct markings and long upright tail.

I have been fortunate enough to catch a glimpse of it every so often, without having to step into a forested area, and appreciate how conducive the environment in Singapore has become for these animals.

Many species of birds and butterflies also visit my small garden every day, adding to the colour and sounds in my estate.

Many Singaporeans do not see the beauty of nature around them, with some even complaining about bird calls. They should take time out from their busy schedules to sample nature, which has thrived quite well in our garden city.

In my case, having a brother who is a wildlife consultant has helped me realise how important biodiversity is to our tiny island. This is why any development has to be carefully planned.

Just think of the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve. It may not be the Amazon but it is something we can be proud of.

Manoraj Rajathurai

[Today] Consider profit levels in reviewing transport fares

With economic growth and inflation, the cost of maintaining public transport would inevitably increase, and fares rise in accordance. (“Public transport fares to rise by 1 to 10 cents”; JAN 22)

Consequently, one would naturally ask if the transport operators, which provide public goods, should enjoy healthier revenues and profits. From an economic perspective, profits partly incentivise companies to invest more to increase productivity.

On the other hand, public confidence in the operators may be eroded if yearly fare hikes bring them higher profits.

One way to balance profit and public trust would be to consider these profit levels and add a “fare discount” component during the fare review, signalling that the transport operators regard the public as their biggest, most important shareholders.

[Today] Public transport system: Use universal designs

We refer to the letters “Fuss-free ideas for prams on buses” (Jan 20) and “Passengers with children should adapt to transport system, not vice versa” (Jan 17).

Public transport is important in enabling community living and should be made accessible to everyone.

We are encouraged by the efforts — from priority queues, to care stickers and dedicated “care zones” at selected train stations and platforms, to ensuring that all buses will be wheelchair-accessible by 2020 — to make public transport more accessible for people with disabilities.

However, there is room to do even better. As our population grows, we can expect greater diversity in the services needed by different communities. Besides wheelchair users and families with prams, the elderly will benefit from an easier boarding system.

Adopting universal designs, i.e. designing products and the built environment to be usable by everyone, regardless of one’s ability, age or situation, to the greatest extent possible, could help remove physical barriers and create a more inclusive environment.

This would, in turn, enable the different users such as the elderly and persons with limited mobility to lead active, independent lives.

That said, graciousness has its place in every society. We have heard many examples of individuals assisting persons with disabilities in public transport. Such kindness could make someone’s day, and if everyone makes a small effort, it makes a difference.

We hope there will be more understanding among commuters for diverse public transport users.

Greater graciousness in giving space and dignity to various users within the common space is important in creating an inclusive society, where people are respectful of one another and their needs.

[Today] Seller’s stamp duty redundant

More borrowers are defaulting on their home loans because of multiple factors, including interest rates trending up and the challenging rental market for landlords. (“Singapore empty homes may climb to highest since 1998”; Jan 16, online)

The seller’s stamp duty, a sliding scale of stamp duties until the fourth year after purchase, acts as an unnecessary obstacle to troubled borrowers who may be trying to sell their property to alleviate their financial woes.

The Total Debt Servicing Ratio has been effective in controlling property speculation, and the seller’s stamp duty is redundant. The authorities should consider abolishing the latter as we face an environment of rising interest rates.

The option of selling the property without having to incur a hefty seller’s stamp duty may offer some parties a feasible way out of their predicament and, possibly, the financial embarrassment of bankruptcy.

[Today] Help needed to compete globally

Mr Devadas Krishnadas’ observation of a “strong asymmetry between employment in our small economy and a global supply of labour”, in his commentary “Budget 2015: Making dollars and sense” (Jan 23), summarises the challenges facing Singapore’s labour market today.

The first, according to employers’ feedback, is that there are not enough Singaporeans to hire.

In keeping the economy competitive and resilient, the Government tries to grow many industries as fast as possible.

The prefabrication approach, which necessitates tapping the global labour market, is used to achieve quick results.

In some industries, such as wealth management, a relatively larger number of foreigners is needed to create a small number of jobs for Singaporeans. These foreigners create additional demand for domestic services and, hence, for workers.

The result of being successful in this strategy is that Singaporeans are probably spread thin over a large number of industries.

The second, according to employers’ feedback, is that Singaporeans are not as talented as foreigners. This is normally attributed to the educational system, which emphasises examinations.

However, there is another simple, numerical explanation.

Talent is both born and bred. Training will help to level up, but will be limited by inborn intelligence. On average, there should not be significant differences in the inborn intelligence of people across countries.

An average Singaporean would be more successful than an average person from a less developed country because of education and opportunities.

If a very intelligent person from a less developed country is given some of these, however, he would be likely to perform better than the average Singaporean.

Therefore, by tapping talents from around the world, we might end up crowding out the average Singaporean. The top 1 per cent of China and India combined is 20 million, far outnumbering the number of Singaporeans.

The third, according to employers’ feedback, is that Singaporeans’ wages are not competitive. A person’s wage is to meet three purposes: His own consumption, his dependents and his retirement.

The needs of a person from a less developed country for the last two purposes are generally lower. This also applies to the amount of time a person is able to put into work.

It explains why foreigners can work for lower wages and longer hours, rendering Singaporeans less competitive. To remain competitive, some Singaporeans choose to have fewer dependents, thus explaining Singapore’s persistently low birth rate.

There are justifications for some affirmative actions for Singaporeans in the labour market.

If the labour market here is subjected to naked global competition, the biggest loser might eventually be Singapore.

[Today] Drinking ban should start at different times on weekdays, weekends

Regarding this week’s Talking Point, “The public drinking clampdown”, the word “clampdown” is a bit harsh, as there should be some form of controls on public drinking. The timing of the ban, 10.30pm, is a bit early, though.

A one-hour extension should be fine and is not late. But the timing should be different on weekdays, eves of public holidays and weekends.

People are busy on weekdays and may control their drink because the next day is a working day. We should target drinkers on weekends and public holidays.

In my younger days, I went to the pub often. Drunken behaviour such as vomiting usually happened before closing time, which was about 1am or 2am. By this time, one must have drunk a lot to have lost control over oneself.

To ban drinking after such and such a time is not enough. People should be educated and warned not to drink in public after the stipulated time. If they persist, I support the idea of a stiffer penalty the second time around.

[Today] Separate COE categories for cars based on size; why not for goods vehicles?

I refer to the report “Creating new COE category for smaller vans ‘not a good idea’” (Jan 21).

While I agree that having too many categories would lead to greater volatility, we must understand the purpose of having such categories in the first place and put the policy in the right context.

For example, taxis serve a different purpose from other vehicles in Category A. The Land Transport Authority was justified in removing them, despite this not resulting in lower premiums, which is mainly due to the overall demand in Cat A.

Similarly, vans are used mainly by small and medium enterprises and should not be in the same category as huge lorries and buses used by big corporations.

If volatility is the main concern, all vehicles should be under one category to minimise this. But cars are separated into two categories based on capacity, so why not for goods vehicles and buses, which are more essential to business?

[Today] Questionable SingPost figures?

I refer to the letter “SingPost has invested over S$100m to meet rise in e-commerce” (Jan 24). Out of curiosity, I pulled out SingPost’s recent half-year results.

I noted that its revenue had increased 6.4 per cent year-on-year and that its property, plant and equipment assets increased from S$233.5 million in September 2013 to S$238.7 million last September, i.e. S$5.2 million.

The difference between S$5.2 million and S$100 million is glaring.

[Straits Times] Youth forum

Learn to assess absolute worldviews

I READ Ambassador-at-Large Bilahari Kausikan's commentary ("Charlie Hebdo and the hold of absolute values"; Jan 17) with interest.

Absolutism, by nature, is exclusive. Absolute worldviews, such as total freedom of speech or extremism, exclude any other claims contradicting them.

In any society, there is a plurality of absolute worldviews.

Does this mean all societies will erupt into chaos because of the incompatibility of worldviews?

Efforts must be made to rigorously evaluate worldviews. They must withstand tests such as logical consistency, empirical adequacy or experiential relevance.

However, these tools are useful only if one has yet to be overly immersed in a social environment promoting a new worldview.

In this context, I recommend incorporating such evaluative training in Singapore, especially in key communities like schools.

This is an age where many are and will be exposed to a proliferation of absolute worldviews on the Internet.

A society equipped with the tools to evaluate absolute claims would be more cautious towards, and protected from, dangerous and erroneous worldviews veiled by romanticised ideals.

Tan Yang Long, 19, serving national service

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Preserve glue that holds us together

RECENT terrorist attacks in Sydney and Paris may seem to have an adverse impact only in the West, but they could also damage the social cohesion we have painstakingly built up over 50 years.

Suspicion towards the Malay-Muslim community could grow, creating an air of distrust and tension among the various ethnic groups in Singapore.

The last thing we want is a repeat of the 1964 race riots.

To prevent this and to continue preserving racial harmony, Singaporeans must realise that they are all united in the fight against terrorism. We should continue looking out for one another and maintain warm and friendly relations.

The terrorist attacks serve as a reminder to us not to take our racial harmony for granted, and to continue to uphold the social integration between the various racial groups that has held the nation together for five decades.

United we stand, divided we fall.

Dean Goh Yan Jin, 15, Secondary 3 student

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CALLING YOUNG READERS: Youth Forum is a weekly column showcasing the views of our younger readers. If you are 21 or below and want to air your opinion on any issue, e-mail your letter to stforum@sph.com.sg with the header "Youth Forum". Do include your age, educational level and contact details.